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French Conditional & Si Clauses

French si clauses come in three types: si + présent with a futur (a real possibility), si + imparfait with a conditionnel présent (an imaginary present), and si + plus-que-parfait with a conditionnel passé (a past that didn't happen). The conditionnel présent is the future stem plus the imparfait endings: je voudrais, nous pourrions. It is also the standard way to make a polite request.

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French conditional and si clauses chart showing the 3 si-clause types, conditional endings, irregular stems and examples
Match the tense after si to the tense in the main clause, and never put a conditional right after si.

In the TEF / TCF Canada exam

In TCF Canada speaking Task 2 you ask the examiner questions: open with Pourriez-vous… or J'aimerais savoir… to sound polite.

French Conditional & Si Clauses: the full chart as text

The 3 types of si clause

TypeSi clauseMain clauseExampleMeaning
1. Realsi + présentfutur, présent or impératifSi tu révises, tu réussiras.If you revise, you'll pass.
2. Imaginary nowsi + imparfaitconditionnel présentSi j'avais le temps, je voyagerais.If I had time, I'd travel.
3. Past regretsi + plus-que-parfaitconditionnel passéSi j'avais su, je serais venu.If I had known, I'd have come.

The si clause can come first or second: je voyagerais si j'avais le temps.

Conditionnel présent: parler

SubjectForm
jeparlerais
tuparlerais
il / elle / onparlerait
nousparlerions
vousparleriez
ils / ellesparleraient

Futur stem + imparfait endings. -re verbs drop the e: je prendrais.

Irregular stems

VerbStemje…
êtreser-serais
avoiraur-aurais
allerir-irais
fairefer-ferais
pouvoirpourr-pourrais
vouloirvoudr-voudrais
devoirdevr-devrais
savoirsaur-saurais
venirviendr-viendrais

Conditionnel passé

Avoir or être in the conditionnel présent + past participle. Use it for regrets and for what would have happened.

  • J'aurais dû m'inscrire plus tôt.I should have registered earlier.
  • Elle serait venue avec nous.She would have come with us.

Polite requests and advice

  • Je voudrais un rendez-vous, s'il vous plaît.I'd like an appointment, please.
  • Pourriez-vous m'envoyer les détails?Could you send me the details?
  • Auriez-vous un moment?Would you have a moment?
  • J'aimerais savoir si le prix comprend les repas.I'd like to know if meals are included.
  • Serait-il possible de changer la date?Would it be possible to change the date?
  • Vous devriez réserver à l'avance.You should book in advance.

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Questions

After si, use the présent, the imparfait or the plus-que-parfait, never the futur or the conditionnel. The tense after si sets the tense of the main clause: présent → futur, imparfait → conditionnel présent, plus-que-parfait → conditionnel passé.

Take the futur stem, which is usually the infinitive (parler-, finir-, vendr-), and add the imparfait endings: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient. Irregular verbs use their irregular futur stem: je serais, j'aurais, je ferais, je pourrais.

Je veux sounds like a demand. The conditionnel softens it, like I'd like instead of I want in English. Use je voudrais, pourriez-vous and j'aimerais with officials, examiners and anyone you address as vous.

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